First aid for sea snake envenomation is pressure-immobilisation.
Australia has the highest diversity of sea snakes in the world, mainly in warm tropical waters. Fortunately however, bites from these snakes are rare and no fatalities have yet been reported in Australia.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs of envenomation develop rapidly (approximately 15 to 30 minutes post envenomation).
- Mild local pain at the bite site
- Myalgia
- Nausea and vomiting
- Ptosis, external opthalmoplegia, pupillary dilatation, poorly reactive to light
- Paresis of lower motor neurone type
- Leucocytosis
- Rhabdomyolysis
Treatment
Pressure immobilisation first aid should be used and left in situ until the patient reaches appropriate medical care.
Attention to basic life support is a priority, and intubation and respiratory support may be required in severe cases. There is also the possibility that hyperkalaemia may develop, and this should be treated as indicated.
Antivenom
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If there is clinical evidence of envenomation, sea snake antivenom can be given. If this not available, tiger snake antivenom may be used. Sea snake antivenom supplied by CSL Ltd is equine in origin. |
Photo: R. Lowe, AVRU
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Last updated: July 2005
