First aid for spider envenomation
(other than funnelweb or mouse spider) is washing the site and analgesia.
A large number of spider species are capable of inflicting a bite to a human. Among those which more commonly bite humans are the white-tailed spider, the black house spider, huntsmen, wolf spiders and orb-weaving spiders. In many such cases no ill effects result. In some a short-lived reaction might be seen, although it is most unlikely to require extensive medical care. The exception is necrotising arachnidism, which has been variously attributed to the bite of a number of different species, although no definite association has yet been made.
Signs and Symptoms
Depending on the species of spider and the severity of the bite, any of the following may be observed:
- Pain at the bite site (common)
- Local swelling, erythema (common)
- Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain
- Lethargy
- Headache
It is important that the possibility of the spider being a funnelweb or mouse spider be considered in case emergency measures need to be taken. Bites from redbacks and brown house spiders are also common, and require different treatment to that described here.
Treatment
The area of the bite site should be washed with soapy water.
Provide oral analgesia. Pain might also be alleviated by the application of icepacks or icy water.
Ensure tetanus immunisation status is up-to-date.
The patient should be reassured that necrotising arachnidism is an uncommon sequela.
Last updated: July 2005
