Renal Failure
Renal failure may result from rhabdomyolysis caused by the venom of certain snakes, or may be the result of direct renal toxicity. Oliguria may be treated with mannitol or frusemide, and adequate hydration status should be maintained, while avoiding overload. Direct renal toxicity will only be neutralised by administration of the appropriate type of antivenom.
Last updated: July 2005
