Ammonia - Subcutaneous or intravenous injection

The intravenous injection of ammonia to treat snake bite was introduced in Australia in the late 1860’s by Dr Halford. He claimed that the treatment was very successful and the result almost immediate. The treatment was slowly taken up by some other physicians, but by the mid 1870’s it went out of favour. Many, including the Indian Snake Poisoning Commission and a Committee of the Medical Society of Victoria, reported the treatment had little to no effect. While others deemed it too dangerous because it was hard to administer accurate doses and 'overdose’ deaths often resulted.

The subcutaneous use of ammonia was only reported twice in the early 1870’s.

Subsidiary

• Halford, George Britton (1824 - 1910)

Related Concepts

• Snake bite

Related Treatments

• Treatment - historical, cultural, outdated

Books

• Fayrer, J., The Thanatophidia of India Being a Description of the Venomous Snakes of the Indian Peninsula, With an Account of the Influence of Their Poison on Life and a Series of Experiments, J. & A. Churchill, London, 1872, 156 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Thoughts, Observations, and Experiments on the Action of Snake Venom on the Blood With an Appendix, Stillwell & Co., Melbourne, 1894, 71 pp. [ Details... ]
• Hoplet, C. C., Snakes : Curiosities and Wonders of Serpent Life, Griffith and Farran, London. [ Details... ]
• Richards, V., The Land-Marks of Snake-Poison Literature, Being a Review of the More Important Researches Into the Nature of Snake-Poisons, First edn, D.M. Traill, Calcutta, 1885, vii + 191 pp. [ Details... ]
• Richards, V., The Land-Marks of Snake-Poison Literature, Being a Review of the More Important Researches Into the Nature of Snake-Poisons, Second edn, Thacker Spink & Co., Calcutta, 1886, vii + 191 pp. [ Details... ]
• The Commission, Report on the Effects 0f Artificial Respiration, Intravenous Injection of Ammonia and Administration of Various Drugs, Etc., in Indian and Australian Snake-Poisoning and the Physiological Chemical and Microscopical Nature of Snake Poisons by the Commission Appointed to Investigate the Subject, Bengal Secretariat Press, Calcutta, 1874, 1xxvii + 77 pp. [ Details... ]

Book Sections

• Martin, C. J., 'Snake-Poison and Snake-Bite', in Allbutt, T. C. (ed.), A System of Medicine, vol. 2, MacMillan, London, 1899, pp. 809-835. [ Details... ]
• Nicholson, E., in Indian Snakes. An Elementary Treatise on Ophiology with a Descriptive Catalogue of the Snakes Found in India and the Adjoining Countries, Second edn, Higgin-botham and Co., Madras, 1893, p. 150, 159. [ Details... ]
• Nicols, A., in Zoological Notes on the Structure, Affinities, Habits, and Mental Faculties of Wild and Domestic Animals; with Anecdotes Concerning and Adventures Among Them; and Some Account of Their Fossil Representatives, L. Upcott Gill, London, 1883, pp. 7-8, 44-45. [ Details... ]

Journal Articles

• 'The Reputed Cure of Snake-Bite', Lancet, vol. 1, p. 407. [ Details... ]
• 'Important Cures of Snake-bite', British Medical Journal, vol. 1, pp. 104-105. [ Details... ]
• 'The Lancet on Professor Halford's Treatment of Snake-Bites', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 98. [ Details... ]
• 'Treatment of Snake-bites', British Medical Journal, vol. 2, 1869, p. 684. [ Details... ]
• 'Treatment of Snake-bites', British Medical Journal, vol. 2, 1869, p. 422. [ Details... ]
• 'Testimonial to Professor Halford', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 270. [ Details... ]
• 'The Ammonia Treatment of Snake-Bite', Lancet, vol. 2, 1869, p. 289. [ Details... ]
• 'Professor Halford's Treatment of Snakebite', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 123. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake-Bites', Lancet, vol. 1, 1869, p. 215. [ Details... ]
• 'Ammoniacal Injection in Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 260. [ Details... ]
• 'Professor Halford and the Treatment of Snake-Poison', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, pp. 264-265. [ Details... ]
• 'The Reputed Cure For Snake-bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, pp. 98-99. [ Details... ]
• 'Professor Halford's Experiments on Snake-Poisoning', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, pp. 54-55. [ Details... ]
• 'Injection of Ammonia Into the Veins in Snake Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 112. [ Details... ]
• 'The Ammonia Treatment of Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, pp. 255-256. [ Details... ]
• 'Professor Halford's Treatment of Snakebite', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 227. [ Details... ]
• 'The Medical Society and Dr. Halford's Treatment of Snake-Bites', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 76. [ Details... ]
• 'Proceedings of the Victorian Medical Association', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, pp. 55-56. [ Details... ]
• 'Death from Snake Bite After Injection of Ammonia Into a Vein', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 56. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 94. [ Details... ]
• 'Professor Halford's Treatment of Snake Bites', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, p. 228. [ Details... ]
• 'Discoveries at Melbourne', Lancet, vol. 1, 1870, pp. 456-457. [ Details... ]
• 'The Ammonia Cure For Snake-bite', British Medical Journal, vol. 2, 1870, p. 224. [ Details... ]
• 'Injection of Ammonia Into the Veins', British Medical Journal, vol. 1, 1870, p. 254. [ Details... ]
• 'Ammonia in Treatment of Snake-Bites', British Medical Journal, vol. 1, 1870, p. 123. [ Details... ]
• '(Title not recorded)', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1870, p. 135. [ Details... ]
• 'Death from Snake Poisoning - Failure of Venous Injection', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 220-221. [ Details... ]
• 'Ammonia and Snake-bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, p. 82. [ Details... ]
• 'Injection of Ammonia Into the Veins', Lancet, vol. 1, 1870, p. 505. [ Details... ]
• 'Professor Halford and His Claims', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 103-104. [ Details... ]
• 'The Case of Snake-Bite at Talbot', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, p. 8. [ Details... ]
• 'The "Lancet", on Professor Halford's "Discoveries"', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 207-208. [ Details... ]
• 'Death from Snake-bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, p. 47. [ Details... ]
• 'Testimonial to Dr. Halford', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 46-47. [ Details... ]
• 'Important Case of Snake-Bite at Albury, N.S.W.', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, p. 29. [ Details... ]
• 'Ammonia Injection For Snake-bite', British Medical Journal, vol. 1, 1871, pp. 482-483. [ Details... ]
• 'Medical News', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 2, 1871, p. 28. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake Poison in Australia', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1871, p. 346. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake-bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 3, 1871, p. 32. [ Details... ]
• 'Parturiunt Montes; Nascitur Ridiculus Mus', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 3, 1871, pp. 91-93. [ Details... ]
• 'Evil Consequences of Ammoniacal Injection', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 3, 1871, pp. 239-240. [ Details... ]
• 'Three Deaths from Snake-bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 3, 1871, p. 229. [ Details... ]
• 'The "Lancet" on Ammoniacal Injection in Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 3, 1871, pp. 139-140. [ Details... ]
• '[Title not recorded]', British Medical Journal, vol. 1, 1871, p. 125. [ Details... ]
• '[Title not recorded]', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 3, 1871, pp. 31-32. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake Poisoning', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 7, 1872, p. 139. [ Details... ]
• 'A New Remedy For Snake-Bite', Lancet, vol. 1, 1872, p. 781. [ Details... ]
• 'Treatment of Snake-Bite', Lancet, vol. 2, 1872, p. 275. [ Details... ]
• 'Ammonia in Snake-bites', British Medical Journal, vol. 2, 1874, p. 256. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake-bites and Ammonia', Lancet, vol. 2, 1874, p. 281. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake-Poisoning by the Indian and Australian Reptiles, and the Ammonia Treatment', Lancet, vol. 2, 1874, p. 418. [ Details... ]
• 'Medical Society of Victoria', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 20, 1875, pp. 65-135. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake-poisoning in Australia', British Medical Journal, vol. 2, 1875, p. 63. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake-poison and Snake-poisoning', British Medical Journal, vol. 1, 1875, pp. 811-812. [ Details... ]
• 'History of the Injection of Ammonia Into the Veins in Snake Bites Before Professor Halford's So-called Discovery', Melbourne Medical Record, vol. 4, 1875, pp. 319-320. [ Details... ]
• 'Pumping Ammonia Into the Veins in Snake-Bite Poisoning', Melbourne Medical Record, vol. 4, 1875, p. 332. [ Details... ]
• 'Professor Halford Revived', Melbourne Medical Record, vol. 4, 1875, pp. 271-272. [ Details... ]
• 'Pumping Ammonia Into Veins Until the Patients Died', Melbourne Medical Record, vol. 4, 1875, pp. 76-77. [ Details... ]
• 'The Indian Commission on Snake-Poisoning', Melbourne Medical Record, vol. 4, 1875, pp. 4-5. [ Details... ]
• 'Intravenous Injection of Ammonia in Snake-Bite', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 2, 1875, pp. 97-98. [ Details... ]
• 'Professor Halford and the Indian Commission on Snake Bites', Melbourne Medical Record, vol. 4, 1875, p. 2. [ Details... ]
• 'Ammonia Treatment For Snake Bites', Lancet, vol. 1, 1875, p. 871. [ Details... ]
• 'Ammonia Injection in Snake Poisoning', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 11, 1876, p. 224. [ Details... ]
• 'The Use of Ammonia in Snake-bite', British Medical Journal, vol. 1, 1876, p. 51. [ Details... ]
• 'The Ammonia-treatment of Snake Bite', British Medical Journal, vol. 2, 1876, p. 500. [ Details... ]
• 'Report of the Special Committee on the Subject of Snake-Poisoning', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 21, 1876, pp. 104-132. [ Details... ]
• 'Resumption of the Discussion on the Report of the Special Committee on Snake-Poisoning', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 21, 1876, pp. 132-140, 151-156, 156-159, 184-196, 201-207 +. [ Details... ]
• 'The Ammonia Treatment of Snake-Poisoning', Lancet, vol. 2, 1876, p. 695. [ Details... ]
• 'Ammonia in Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 21, 1876, pp. 241-242. [ Details... ]
• 'The Injection of Ammonia in Snake-Bite', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1876, p. 53. [ Details... ]
• 'Intravenous Injection of Ammonia in Snake-Bite', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 2, 1876, pp. 464-466. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake-bite in Victoria', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 11, 1876, p. 83. [ Details... ]
• 'The Intravenous Injection of Ammonia in Snake-Bite', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1876, pp. 338-339. [ Details... ]
• 'The Late Experiments on Snake-Poisoning and the Injection of Ammonia Into the Veins', Melbourne Medical Record, vol. 5, 1876, p. 41. [ Details... ]
• 'Snake-Bite - Another Death After Intravenous Injection of Ammonia', Melbourne Medical Record, vol. 6, 1877, p. 28. [ Details... ]
• 'A Case of Snakebite', Australasian Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 5, 1890, p. 513. [ Details... ]
• 'Strychnine in Snake-bite', Australasian Medical Gazette, vol. 11, 1891, pp. 89-90. [ Details... ]
• 'Strychnine as an Antidote to Cobra Poison', British Medical Journal, vol. 1, 1895, pp. 884-885. [ Details... ]
• 'The Strychnine Cure', Australasian Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 11, 1896, p. 375. [ Details... ]
• Armstrong, J. J., 'Ammoniacal Injection in Cases of Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 5-6. [ Details... ]
• Backhouse, J. B., 'Notes of a Case of Bite of a Tiger-Snake, Followed by Recovery', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 7 N.S., 1885, pp. 538-540. [ Details... ]
• Bancroft, J., 'Inhalation of Ether in Snakebite', Australasian Medical Gazette, vol. 4, 1884, p. 28. [ Details... ]
• Bennett, R. H. K., 'Snakebite Treated by Strychnine - Recovery', Australasian Medical Gazette, vol. 11, 1892, p. 104. [ Details... ]
• Berncastle, J., 'The Treatment of Snake-Bites', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, pp. 31-35. [ Details... ]
• Bowen, T. A., '[Title not recorded]', The Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 20, 1875, pp. 66-130. [ Details... ]
• Brunton, T. L., 'Halford on Injection of Ammonia in Cases of Snake-Bite or Collapse from Injury', Lond. Med. Rec., vol. 1, 1873, p. 317. [ Details... ]
• Campbell, C. H., 'Professor Halford's New Treatment of Snake Bite With the Injection of Ammonia Into the Veins', The Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 1, 1966, pp. 1008-1015. [ Details... ]
• Day, J., 'Presidential Address to the Medical Society of Victoria', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 22, 1877, pp. 5-9. [ Details... ]
• Dowling, F. J., 'Professor Halford's Intra-venous Injection of Ammonia', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 20, 1875, pp. 82-84. [ Details... ]
• Eccles, T. H., 'Professor Halford's Intra-venous Injection of Ammonia', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 20, 1875, pp. 84-85. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer J., 'Intravenous Injection of Ammonia in Snake-Bite', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 8, 1874, p. 193. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer, J., 'Experiments on the Influence of Snake-Poison, and the Use of Certain Reputed Antidotes; and the Effects of Excision, Etc.', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 4, 1869, pp. 201-204. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer, J., 'Experiments on the Influence of Snake Poison and on the Injection of Certain Fluids Into The Venous Circulation as Antidotes, andon the Application of the Ligature and Actual Cautery', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, p. 230, 240. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer, J., 'Experiments on the Influence of Snake Poison and on the Injection of Certain Fluids Into the Venous Circulation as Antidotes, and on the Application of the Ligature and Actual Cautery', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 4, 1869, pp. 153-156. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer, J., 'Experiments on the Influence of Snake Poison and on the Injection of Liquor Ammoniae Into the Venous Circulation as an Antidote', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 4, 1869, pp. 129-132. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer, J., 'On the Action of the Cobra Poison', Edinburgh Medical Journal, vol. 15, 1869-70, p. 417, 620, 805. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer, J., 'Experiments on the Influence of Snake-Poison, and the Use of Certain Reputed Antidotes; and the Effects of Excision, Etc.', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 15-17. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer, J., 'On the Action of the Cobra Poison', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 86-67, 106, 128-130. [ Details... ]
• Fayrer, J., 'The Ammonia Treatment of Snake-Poisoning', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1874, pp. 601-602. [ Details... ]
• Florance, E., 'Snake Bite', Australasian Medical Gazette, vol. 31, 1912, pp. 56-57. [ Details... ]
• Gerrard, J., 'Snake-Poison and Its Alleged Antidotes', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 27-28. [ Details... ]
• Girdlestone, T. M., '[Tirle not recorded]', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 20, 1876, p. 133. [ Details... ]
• Girdlestone, T. M., 'The Intra-Venous Injection of Ammonia', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 21, 1876, pp. 145-146. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., '[Title not recorded]', The Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 21, p. 158. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'Injection of Ammonia in Snake Poisoning', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 13, 1868, pp. 390-392. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'On the Injection of Ammonia Into the Circulation', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 14, 1869, pp. 100-105. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'Ammonia Injection in Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 2, 1870, p. 6. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'Tabular List of Cases of Snake-Bite Treated by the Injection of Liquor Ammoniae', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 15, 1870, p. 5. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'The Treatment of Snake-Bite in Victoria', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 15, 1870, pp. 161-172. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'On the Injection of Ammonia Into the Veins', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 16, 1871, pp. 97-103. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'Further Observations on the Direct Injection of Ammonia', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 17, 1872, pp. 378-386. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'Snake-Poisoning and Its Treatment', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 20, 1873, pp. 90-91, 170-171, 224-226, 323-324, 461-463, 575-577. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'The Treatment of Snake-Poisoning', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1874, pp. 53-54. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'Du Traitement Des Morsures De Serpents Venimeux Par Les Injections Intra-Veineuses d'Ammoniaque', Bull. Gin. Ther. Med. Chir., vol. 87, 1874, pp. 258-271. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., '[Title not recorded]', The Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 21, 1876, pp. 139-140. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., '[Title not recorded]', The Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 21, 1876, pp. 155-156. [ Details... ]
• Hedley, G. D. and Rees, W. C., 'Fatal Case of Snake-Bite, Presenting Some Curious Points of Interest', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 19, 1874, pp. 49-53. [ Details... ]
• Hill, J. J., 'Case of Snake Bite Cured by the Internal Administration of Ammonia', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 3, 1871, p. 66. [ Details... ]
• Hill, J. J., 'A Case of Successful Treatment of Snake-Bite', N.S.W. Med. Gaz., vol. 4, 1874, p. 163. [ Details... ]
• Hilson, A. H., 'Two Cases of Snake Bite Treated by Injection of Liquor Ammoniae Into the Veins, With Remarks on the Action of Snake Poison', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 8, 1873, pp. 258-260, 284-286. [ Details... ]
• Jenkins, W. H., 'Case of Snake-Bite; Injection of Ammonia Into the Veins of Both Arms; Recovery', Lancet, vol. 1, 1873, p. 900. [ Details... ]
• Lane, J. P., 'A Case of Snake-Poisoning', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 15, 1870, pp. 58-60. [ Details... ]
• Langford, W., 'Ammoniacal Injection in Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 6-7. [ Details... ]
• MacPherson, J., 'Snakes and Snake Bite', Sydney University Medical Journal, vol. 18, 1924, pp. 175-187. [ Details... ]
• Martin, J. A., 'Snake Poisoning and Its Treatment', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 2-4. [ Details... ]
• McCrae, W., '(Title not recorded)', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 21, 1876, pp. 151-152. [ Details... ]
• Rae, W., 'On a Case of Snake-Bite Treated by Ammoniacal Injection', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 14, 1869, pp. 222-224. [ Details... ]
• Richards, V., 'The Treatment of Snake-Bite by Intravenous Injection of Ammonia', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1873, p. 639. [ Details... ]
• Richards, V., 'Experiments With Strychnine as an Antidote to Snake-Poison', Medical Times and Gazette, vol. 1, 1874, pp. 595-597. [ Details... ]
• Richards, V., 'Report on the Snake Bite Cases Which Occurred in Bengal, Eehar, Orissa, Assam, Cachar Etc., During the Year 1873-74', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 11, 1876, pp. 96-100. [ Details... ]
• Richards, V., 'A Fatal Case of Snake-Bite; Intravenous Injection of Ammonia. Remarks on the Application of Ligature in Snake Bite', Indian Medical Gazette, vol. 11, 1876, pp. 320-321. [ Details... ]
• Rigby, G. O., 'Ammoniacal Injection in Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, pp. 7-8. [ Details... ]
• Rigby, G. O., 'Ammoniacal Injection in Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 2, 1870, p. 6. [ Details... ]
• Scott, W., 'Professor Halford's Intra-Venous Injection of Ammonia', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 20, 1875, pp. 95-97. [ Details... ]
• Thon, G., 'A Typical Case of Snake Bite', Australasian Medical Gazette, vol. 10, 1891, pp. 122-123. [ Details... ]
• Webb, J. H., 'Treatment of Snake-Bite', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 17, 1872, pp. 154-159. [ Details... ]
• Webb, J. H., 'The Ammonia Treatment', Australian Medical Journal, vol. 21, 1876, pp. 159-165. [ Details... ]
• Woodman, W. B., 'Kleinschmidt on the Treatment of Snake Bites With Strong Liquor Ammoniae', Lond. Med. Rec., vol. 2, 1874, p. 487. [ Details... ]

Newspaper Articles

• Successful Treatment of Snake-Bite, The Argus, 2 December 1868, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• Snake Poisoning, The Age, 11 December 1863, 3 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Age, 28 December 1868, 2 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Argus, 18 November 1868, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Age, March 9 1868, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• Successful Treatment of Snake-Bite, The Argus, 2 December 1868, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Argus, 17 November 1868, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Argus, 1 February 1869, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Australasian, 27 May 1871, 658 pp. [ Details... ]
• (Title not recorded), The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 31 October 1874, 553 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Argus, 19 March 1875, 4 pp. [ Details... ]
• The Medical Society and the Ammonia Remedy, The Australasian, 27 March 1875, 401 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Age, March 18 1875, 3 pp. [ Details... ]
• Ammonia Injection in Snake Poisoning, The Age, 8 April 1876, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Daily Telegraph, Melbourne, 19 March 1876, 2 pp. [ Details... ]
• [Title not recorded], The Daily Telegraph, Melbourne, 7 April 1876, 2 pp. [ Details... ]
• Berncastle, J., The Cure of Snake Bites, The Age, 2 January 1869, 3 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., The New Remedy For Snake-Poisoning, The Argus, 21 December 1868, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., The New Remedy For Snake-Poisoning, The Argus, 31 December 1868, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Liquid Ammonia as a Snake-Poison Antidote, The Argus, 18 November 1868, 7 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Professor Halford's Experiment on Snake-Poisoning, The Argus, 7 November 1868, 6 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Professor Halford on the Treatment of Snake-Bite, The Argus, 17 November 1869, 1 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., The Remedy for Snake-Bite, The Argus, 30 January 1869, 6 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Cure of Snake-Bite by the Injection of Ammonia, The Argus, 6 May 1870, 6 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Snake Poison and Injection of Ammonia, The Argus, 18 January 1871, 6 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Professor Halford, The Daily Telegraph, 20 May 1871, 3 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., The Uses of Ammonia in Snake-Bite, The Daily Telegraph, 23 May 1871, 3 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Professor Halford's Treatment of Snake-Bite, The Argus, 20 March 1875, 5 pp. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., Snake-Bite Cures, The Argus, 14 March 1892, 6 pp. [ Details... ]
• Richards, V., The Medical Society and the Intravenous Injection of Ammonia in Snake-Poisoning, The Daily Telegraph, 26 August 1876, 3 pp. [ Details... ]
• Richards, V., Snake Poison. Mr. Wooldridge and the Medical Society, The Daily Telegraph, 23 September 1876, 3 pp. [ Details... ]
• Smith, C. J., Snake Poison and Its Antidote, Australian Medical Gazette, vol. 1, 1869, 51 pp. [ Details... ]
• Sturt, E. P. S., The Snake-Bite at Seymour, The Argus, 5 February 1869, 7 pp. [ Details... ]
• The Medical Society of Victoria, [Title not recorded], The Daily Telegraph, Melbourne, 21 October 1869, 2 pp. [ Details... ]
• Willoughby, H., The Strychnine Cure For Snake-Bite, The Argus, 12 March 1892, 4 pp. [ Details... ]

Pamphlets

• 'Pamphlet No. 88', Mitchell Library, Canberra. [ Details... ]
• Halford, G. B., 'The New Treatment of Snake-Bite with Plain Directions for Injecting', Stillwell & Knight, Melbourne, 1869, p. 16. [ Details... ]